ESL - Present / Progressive (Continuous)

Present

Progressive

Law of Nature
Generality
Habit
Future already scheduled
(*) Non-Action verbs

unction of an Action & Now
Temporary, Trend, Tendency
Future already planned

1A - PRESENT

Introduction
English uses two main tenses to describe actions happening in the present: the Present (Simple) and the Present Progressive. While they may seem similar, each is used in different situations. This guide will help you understand when to use each tense, with examples and explanations.


1A. Present (Simple) Tense
Structure:
Verb Form: Verb(infinitive) or Verb(s/es) for 3rd person singular
Auxiliary: Not needed for (+) but mandatory for (?, -): do/does, can, could, would, should, may, might, must, shall, will, ought to, have to, need to, (am/is/are) able to, etc, (in the Present tense)
– Negative Forms: don’t/doesn’t, can’t, shouldn’t, ….



Situation 1) Laws of Nature
This tense is used for statements that are always true, like scientific facts.


Examples:
– Water boils at 100°C.
– The Earth rotates around the Sun.
– The sun rises in the east.
– Ice melts at 0°C.


Situation 2) Generality / Permanent Situations / Rules / Guidelines / Opinions
The Present can also describe something that is generally true for a long period, often permanently or indefinitely.


Examples:
– He lives in Toronto.
– They work in finance.
– She teaches at the university.
– We own a house in the countryside.
– Italians are loud people
– I eat a lot of soup because I’m on a diet.


Situation 3) Habit / Frequency / Regular / Recurrent / Routines Actions
The Present Simple is used to describe actions that happen regularly, habits, or routines.


Examples:
– I go to the gym on Mondays.
– She drinks coffee every morning.
– They walk their dog in the evening.
– We visit our grandparents every Sunday.
– The Haley comet comes around every 78 years.
– I eat soup 5 days a week.


Situation 4) Future Already Scheduled Events
We use the Present for events that are already scheduled, (often related to transportation or public events or meetings, appointments, reservations, vacation and holidays, etc).


Examples:
– The train leaves at 7:00 AM.
– The movie starts at 8:00 PM.
– The meeting begins at 9:30 AM.
– The concert ends at 10:00 PM.
– Corinthians team plays against Ceara tomorrow.


Situation 5) Non-Action Verbs
Certain verbs that describe states of being, senses, or emotions (e.g., know, love, seem) are almost always used in the Present Simple.


Examples:
– I know the answer.
– She loves chocolate.
– He understands the problem.
– They prefer tea over coffee.
– I need to go to the bathroom


Non-action verbs, also known as stative verbs, describe states, conditions, or situations rather than actions. They often relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements. These verbs are typically not used in the progressive (continuous) tenses.


See bottom note.


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Bonus: Other Situation, Variations


Situation 6) Instructions and Directions
This tense is used when giving instructions or directions.


Examples:
– You turn left at the next street.
Press the button to start the machine.
Mix the ingredients until smooth.
Take the second exit at the roundabout..


Situation 6) Commentary and Narration
In sports commentary or storytelling, the Present is used to describe actions as they happen or to narrate stories.


Examples:
– He passes the ball to the striker.
– The hero enters the castle.
– She hits the ball out of the park!
– The villain escapes through the window.
– He shoots, he scores!.


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1B- PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)


Structure:
Verb Form: Verb(ing)
Auxiliary : to BE in the Present tense (am/are/is)
– Negative Forms: (ain’t)/aren’t/isn’t

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Situation 1) Junction of an Actions & Now
The Present Progressive is used to describe actions that are happening at the exact moment of speaking. We don’t know if they’re going to continue or stop.


Examples:
– I am typing an email (right now).
– She is in the kitchen, she is cooking dinner .
– What’s that noise? They are watching a movie.
– We are having a conversation, please come back later.
– Would you mind coming back later? I’m eating my soup.


Situation 2) Temporary / Tendency / Trend Actions
This tense is also used for actions that are ongoing but temporary.


Examples:
– He is living in Vancouver for the summer.
– They are studying for their exams this week.
– I am staying with a friend while my house is being renovated.
– She is working on a short-term project.


Situation 3) Future: Already Planned
The Present Progressive can describe plans or arrangements already made for the future, especially when there is a definite time or place involved.


-Examples:
– We are meeting them at the café tomorrow. ( I invited them already)
– She is flying to New York next week to meet her client. (He knows about it)
– They are getting married next month.
– He is visiting his parents this weekend. (They are expecting him!)
– What are you doing tonight? (Do you have any plans?)


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Bonus: Other Situation, Variations


Situation 4) Changing or Developing Situations (Temporary?)
It is also used to describe situations that are gradually changing or developing.


– Examples:
– The weather is getting colder.
– The economy is improving slowly.
– Her health is getting better.
– The city is expanding rapidly.


Situation 5) Annoying Repeated Actions
When an action is repeated and is perceived as annoying or irritating, the Present Progressive is often used, usually with words like “always” or “constantly.”


– Examples:
– He is always losing his keys!
– She is constantly talking during movies.
– They are always arguing about something.
– You are always leaving your socks on the floor!


Situation 6) Ongoing Actions
When an action is happening over an extended period, or when describing something in progress, the Present Progressive is appropriate. Very often a temporary situation…


– Examples:
– I am working on a new project these days.
– They are building a new bridge in town.
– She is writing a novel.
– We are redecorating our house.


NON ACTION VERBS -> PRESENT

Here is a list of common non-action (stative) verbs:


A Verbs about Thinking and Believing:
Believe- Know- Understand- Think (when it means “believe” or “have an opinion”)- Recognize- Suppose- Imagine- Doubt- Remember- Forget- Mean- Realize


B Verbs of Possession:
Have (when it means possession, e.g., “I have a car.”)- Own- Belong- Possess- Include- Consist- Contain

C Verbs of Emotion:
Love- Like- Hate- Prefer- Dislike- Want- Need- Wish- Desire- Care- Hope

D Verbs of Perception (Senses):
See- Hear- Smell- Taste- Feel (when it refers to physical sensations, e.g., “The fabric feels soft.”)- Notice- Recognize- Appear- Seem- Sound- Look (when it means “seem,” e.g., “You look tired.”)


E Verbs of Relationship and Being:
Be- Exist- Belong- Cost- Depend- Include- Involve- Own- Weigh- Resemble- Fit (when it means size, e.g., “The shirt fits.”)- Need


F Verbs of Measurement:
Measure- Weigh- Cost- Owe


G Verbs of Appearance:
Appear- Seem- Look (when meaning “seem”)


H Other Common Non-Action Verbs
Matter- Amaze- Astonish- Concern- Depend- Deserve- Detest- Differ- Doubt- Equal- Fit (when referring to size, e.g., “This dress fits perfectly.”)- Include- Involve- Lack- Mean (as in “What does this word mean?”)- Resemble- Satisfy


NON ACTION VERBS -> PROGRESSIVE (WAIT, WHAT???)

Important Notes about SOME Non-Action Verbs


A- Some verbs can be both action and non-action verbs depending on their meaning. For example, “think” can be a stative verb : “I think you’re right” –> (meaning “believe”)
or
an action verb “I’m thinking about my plans” –> (meaning “considering, evaluating, pondering”).


B- Some verbs that are typically non-action may sometimes be used in a progressive form to emphasize a temporary or unusual state (e.g., “I’m loving this!” in informal contexts. I’m having lunch, We’re having fun, …)


c – Sometimes, these non-action verbs can be used in the progressive form to convey specific meanings. This often happens when we want to emphasize a temporary situation, change, or emotional intensity.
Bonus Examples:


Sometimes, these non-action verbs can be used in the progressive form to convey different meanings. This can happens when we want to emphasize a temporary situation, change , or emotional intensity .


“seeing someone”, “having lunch”, “having coffee”, and “having fun” in both non-progressive and  progressive forms to show how non-action verbs can be used dynamically.


1. Seeing Someone (meaning -> dating)
– Non-Progressive:
– “I see her every day at the office.” (This is a general, regular observation.)


– Progressive:
– “I’m seeing someone new.” (Here, “seeing” means dating, going out with, indicating a temporary or current situation.)


2. Having Lunch (meaning -> eating)
– Non-Progressive:
– “We usually have lunch together on Fridays.” (This is a routine or habitual activity.)


– Progressive:
– “We’re having lunch at that new restaurant today.” (This emphasizes a planned future)


3. Having Coffee (meaning -> drinking)
– Non-Progressive:
– “They always have coffee after dinner.” (A regular habit, routine, or preference.)


– Progressive:
– “I’m having coffee with Sarah later.” (This describes a planned, temporary action—meeting someone for coffee.)


4. Having Fun: (meaning -> laughing, enjoying)
– Non-Progressive:
– “They always have fun when they go to the park.” (This is a general statement about their typical experience.)


– Progressive:
– “Come and join us! We’re having fun at the party right now!” (This emphasizes the temporary nature of their enjoyment in the moment.)


5. Verbs of Emotion
– “I love chocolate.” (This is a general feeling, a constant state.)
– Progressive : “I’m loving this new movie!” (Here, “loving” emphasizes a momentary enjoyment or excitement.) (I’m loving it! Mmmm…)


6. Verbs of Possession
-“She has a car.” (This is a statement about possession, a stable situation.)
– Progressive : “She’s having trouble with her car.” (In this case, “having” means “experiencing,” indicating a temporary issue or problem.)


7. Verbs of Thought
-“I know the answer.” (This expresses a state of knowledge.)
– Progressive : “I’m knowing more about the culture as I travel.” (Though rare, this form emphasizes a process of learning or gaining knowledge over time.)


8. Verbs of Being
-“He is polite.” (This describes a general characteristic.)
– Progressive: “He’s being rude today.” (Here, “being” highlights a temporary or unusual behavior, suggesting a change from his usual state.).
– Progressive: Look at Marc, he’s boing funny again. (acting in a funny manner)


9 Think:
– “I think it’s a good idea.” (expresses an opinion)
– Progressive: “I’m thinking about moving to Toronto.” (indicates a current mental process)


10 Feel :
– “I feel happy today.” (a current state)
– Progressive: “I’m feeling better now.” (emphasizes a change or temporary state)


11 Look:
– “You look tired.” (a description of appearance)
– Progressive: “You’re looking for your keys, right?” (a temporary action of searching)


12 Appear:
– “She appears nervous.” (describing how someone seems)
– Progressive: “She’s appearing in a new TV show.” (used as an action meaning “performing”)


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fr_CAFrançais du Canada
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